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References
Key scientific papers - Saturated fat
Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Jakobsen MU, O'Reilly EJ, Heitmann BL, Pereira MA, Bälter K, Fraser GE, Goldbourt U, Hallmans G, Knekt P, Liu S, Pietinen P, Spiegelman D, Stevens J, Vi
Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mozaffarian D, Micha R, Wallace S. PLoS Med. 2010 Mar 23;7(3): e1000252.
Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A, Davey Smith G. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 10;(6).
Saturated fats compared with unsaturated fats and sources of carbohydrates in relation to risk of coronary heart disease: A prospective cohort study. Li Y, Hruby A, Bernstein AM, Ley SH, Wang DD, Chiuve SE, Sampson L, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu F
Effects of saturated fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: a systematic review and regression analysis. Mensink, RP. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
Key scientific papers - Trans fat
Effects of trans fatty acid intake on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Brouwer IA. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular health: research completed? Brouwer IA1, Wanders AJ, Katan MB. Eur J
Fat composition of vegetable oil spreads and margarines in the USA in 2013: a national marketplace analysis. Garsetti M, Balentine DA, Zock PL, Blom WA, Wanders AJ.
Trans Fat Intake and Its Dietary Sources in General Populations Worldwide: A Systematic Review. Wanders AJ, Zock PL, Brouwer IA.
Key scientific papers - Plant based fats
Monounsaturated fats from plant and animal sources in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among US men and women. Zong G, Li Y, Sampson L, Dougherty LW, Willett WC, Wanders AJ, Alssema M, Zock PL, Hu FB, Sun Q. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Mar 1;107(3):445
Key recommendations on dietary fats
Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. Report of an expert consultation. 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). ISBN 978-92-5-106733-8.
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol.
United States Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. December 2015.
American Heart Association: (e) 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk.
United Kingdom: Public Health England (2016). Government Dietary Recommendations for energy and nutrients for males and females aged 1-18 years and 19+ years. (1)
United Kingdom: Public Health England (2016). Government Dietary Recommendations for energy and nutrients for males and females aged 1-18 years and 19+ years. (2)
Netherlands: Dutch Health Council
Germany, Austria and Switzerland: German Nutrition Society Dietary reference values
Publications by IEM
Fats in Foods: Current Evidence for Dietary Advice. Nettleton JA, Brouwer IA, Mensink RP, Diekman C, Hornstra G. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72(3):248-254.
International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids 2016 Debate: For Science-Based Dietary Guidelines on Fats, Meta-Analysis and Systematic Reviews Are Decisive. Nettleton JA, von Schacky C, Brouwer IA, Koletzko B. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;71(1-2):2
Saturated Fat Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke: A Science Update. Nettleton JA, Brouwer IA, Geleijnse JM, Hornstra G. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70(1):26-33.
Dietary Fatty Acids: Is it Time to Change the Recommendations? Nettleton JA, Lovegrove JA, Mensink RP, Schwab U. Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;68(4):249-57.
Progressing Insights into the Role of Dietary Fats in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Zock PL, Blom WA, Nettleton JA, Hornstra G. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016 Nov;18(11):111.
ISSFAL 2014 Debate: It Is Time to Update Saturated Fat Recommendations. Nettleton JA, Legrand P, Mensink RP. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(2-3):104-8.
Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk. Diekman C, Hornstra G, Koletzko BV, Lartey A, Nettleton J. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Sep 16;161(6):456-7.
ISSFAL 2010 dinner debate: healthy fats for healthy hearts - annotated report of a scientific discussion. Nettleton JA, Koletzko B, Hornstra G. Ann Nutr Metab. 2011;58(1):59-65.
YouTube Videos
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